نشریه سیاست دفاعی
پیاپی 118 (بهار 1401)

The UN Security Council is the only authority to prescribe the right to legal use of force on the basis of legal principles and rules.  The 1937 Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of Terrorism (Geneva Convention) is the first international convention on terrorism. The process and mechanisms needed to define and delineate counterterrorism in international law are very slow. The US government has often used the Security Council mechanism, and otherwise, by force or concluding incomplete treaties with some countries, to justify its illegal actions internationally. The assassination is considered to be the most effective senior military official in command of the Takfiri Counter-Terrorism Front in the US-led region, under the direct command of the US President. The following article examines the assassination of General Suleimani for violating the principles of international and domestic law. This article states that citing a defense by the United States lacks the necessary elements to assign action to Iran. The claim of preventive defense is also not approved by international judicial custom. The perspective of international lawyers not only confirms the matter, but also denies it and opposes it. The US military attack on January 3, was contrary to the Iraqi -US security agreement and the Roman statute, and is a case of violations and violations.

Al-Hashdal al-Shaabi in Iraq is one of the institutions established by the Iraqi Supreme Authority at a critical historical juncture, inspired by the Basij Organization of Iran, to counter the harsh threat posed by ISIS. Hashad al-Shaabi is an institution that has dual dimensions and six components of basic public security. In addition to bringing the people to the forefront as agents of repelling threats and producing security, it has also defined the issue and source of security in accordance with the will of the Iraqi people. It has also been able to effectively counter the threat posed by ISIS and to do its job well in defending the holy sites, the people and the sovereignty of Iraq. Using a library method for data collection and a descriptive-analytical method for analyzing the findings, this article first enumerates the dimensions and components of "basic people security" and then examines the situation of Hashad al-Shaabi in compliance or non-compliance with these dimensions and components. Is. In the people-based security approach, people are considered the center of security in such a way that people are both the exploiter (reference) of security and the agent of security. People's security is closely linked to social capital and identity. The findings of the article show that in grassroots security, people become the main agents of security production and government security agencies can use this huge capacity to minimize threats while maintaining security at the desired level. The security of grassroots people has two dimensions: "social capital"

Iran's location in the sensitive and strategic regions of the Middle East faces security threats from some foreign countries. On the other hand, the suspicion of the high share of military expenditures in the GDP and claiming the negative impact of military spending on the country's economy, made it necessary to compare budget allocation to the military sector of the Islamic Republic of Iran with peripheral security environment countries and the impact of military spending on macroeconomic variables in Iran, including economic growth is of particular importance. The required data is collected by the library method from the sources of the World Bank and Cipri. An analysis of the five indicators of the military expenditures shows that the military expenditures of the Islamic Republic of Iran over the last three decades, despite many regional and global threats, compared to all countries that do not have similar security problems, It has been less. Then, the impact of military expenditures on the economic growth of the Islamic Republic of Iran between 1990and 2019 was investigated by the analysis Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The result of the long-term estimate of the estimated model explained that in addition to the positive effect of this effect in the studied years, 0/79% of changes in economic growth of the Islamic Republic of Iran are justified by changing the variable amount of military spending to GDP. In other words, the growth of the Islamic Republic of Iran's military costs as a flagship country of resistance has not had a negative impact on its economic growth; While the military cost of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been the lowest compared to most countries around its surroundings.

ranophobia is a strategic project that seeks to present Iran as a major threat to the region as well as to world peace and security, so as to weaken and tarnish Iran's image in the public opinion of the region and the world. The present article tries to analyze and study the Zionist regime's policy of Iranophobia towards the nuclear program of the Islamic Republic of Iran from a geopolitical perspective. The present article tries to analyze the Zionist regime's Iranophobia policy towards the nuclear program of the Islamic Republic of Iran from a geopolitical perspective. For this purpose, after analyzing the theoretical concepts and findings of the research, the goals, the policy of Iranophobia of the Zionist regime in relation to the nuclear program of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been analyzed. The findings of the study clearly show that the adoption of the Zionist regime's policy of Iranophobia is in line with the goals: Turning the minds of the international community away from the new territorialization of the Zionistregime 2- Isolating the Islamic Republic of Iran 3- Concerns about nuclear Iran 4- Persuading the United States to put pressure on Iran 5- Taking advantage of the United States and Western countries In order to expand the geopolitical realm 6- Cover up its military nuclear program 7- Internal political rivalries of the Zionist regime 8- Create convergence in the internal society of Israel. Therefore, the Zionist regime's core is a approach to covering the internal problems of the regime, pressure on Iran, gaining support for the continuation of occupation, geopolitical sophistication and putting Islamic countries against the Iranians.

Game theory is a field of applied mathematics that has been developed in the context of economics and studies the strategic behavior between rational factors. Game theory attempts to model the mathematical behavior that governs a strategic situation (conflict of interest). This situation arises when a person's success depends on the strategies that others choose. The ultimate goal of this knowledge is to find the optimal strategy for the players. Using game theory, we will need to model and predict the actions of actors at strategic, operational and tactical levels, in which military decisions will be upgraded with a more comprehensive and valuable analysis than the current situation. In recent decades, several studies have been conducted in this regard and researchers have been able to use different branches of game theory to model a wide range of scenarios related to military action. One of the strengths of game theory is that it models the actions of military forces to make decisions against each other. The purpose of writing this article is a brief overview of research that has been written so far using game theory in modeling decision scenarios with military applications. This article also categorizes the type of war modeling, the types of games used, and the players involved. Finally, we conclude that applying game theory in military warfare is more effective than using traditional models to make commanders' decisions at different levels.

This article examines the approach of the United States of America in creating and constructing a perception of the threat from the Islamic Republic of Iran on the subject of terrorism and extending this perception to security-building audiences. The hypothesis is that the United States is leveraging terrorist charges against Iran in order to restore international consensus and legitimize actions and pressures against Iran. In this regard, the United States, as a security-building player, is trying to extending its security and threatening perception of Iran to the security-building audience within the framework of a "two-level (layer) strategy". In the first level; The United States is trying to persuade its security-building audience by focusing on terrorist charges against Iran in third countries. At the second level; By taking an aggressive approach, the United States has sought to establish and apply countermeasures (ranging from calling the Revolutionary Guards and allied forces terrorist to collaborating with terrorist groups against Iran) and supporting its allies in countering this threat. The research findings show that although the United States has been relatively successful in the first level of the threat- building (persuasion) strategy, it has not been able to gain the necessary support from the security audience in the second level (the threat relief solution). The method used in this article is descriptive-analytical and the tools of libraries, documents, electronic resources and websites and statements of relevant authorities have been used to collect data.

The purpose of this study is to analyze and identify the model of political legitimacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its impact on the formation of the model of public defense security. The research method is content analysis and how to collect data through library study. The article first identifies and analyzes the principles of legitimacy in the Islamic Republic and emphasizes that understanding the pattern of legitimacy of the Islamic Republic involves going through simplification and paying attention to the multiple and complex dimensions of legitimacy in different periods of the Islamic Republic. The authors believe that although Max Weber's triple paradigm of traditional, benevolent, and legal legitimacy in the discussion of legitimacy can be a starting point for discussing the various dimensions of legitimacy in the Islamic Republic; But it does not cover all aspects of reality, so it is necessary to add the other two components of legitimacy, namely the establishment of nationalism based on religious belief and efficiency, to Weber's three axes. On this basis, we can speak of a five-dimensional model of legitimacy, which includes religious-divine, popular-legal legitimacy, religious nationalism, benevolence and efficiency, which form the model of legitimacy in the Islamic Republic together.In the second part of the article, the effect of this multiple and effective model of creating a strong social legitimacy on the formation of a model in national security in Iran is discussed, which can be called the 'model of people's defense security'. The characteristic of this model is to go beyond the classic models of defense and establish it on the presence and continuous and effective role-playing of the people in the process of defending the country and national security.

With the presence of the Messenger of God (PBUH) in Medina and the beginning of the Hijrah era, various challenges and dense threats against Muslims began. The pagans of Mecca, at the head of the opposition and one of the strongest enemies of the Prophet (PBUH), prepared large-scale actions against the Muslims. This article intends to address the difficult and complex situation of the Hijrah era, to address the issue of what strategy the Messenger of God (PBUH) adopted in the face of threats and movements of the polytheists. In this article, the subject is examined through descriptive and historical analysis.In this article, using historical texts and historical description and analysis, the subject is studied.The results of the studies indicate that the Prophet (PBUH), considering the experience of 13 years of the Besat era and the socio-political realities of the Hejaz, adopted a strategy according to which they actively and strongly opposed the conspiracies of the polytheists and their allies. By identifying opportunities and taking timely action, they took the initiative. The result of this defense strategy was to curb the fighting power and hostility of the polytheists, to elevate the position of the Muslims to a superior position, and more importantly, to effectively and intelligently defend the fledgling Muslim community and to facilitate the invitation.